The term cervical cancer (cervical cancer) or cervical cancer is not a stranger to us. Cervical cancer is the number 1 killer in women. Generally, the disease is difficult to detect in its early stages. How exactly is cervical cancer?
What is cervical cancer?
Cervical cancer (cervical cancer) is cancer that occurs in the area on the female reproductive organ is the entrance towards the uterus located between the womb (uterus) with a hole intercourse (vaginal). This cancer usually occurs in women who have aged.
Cervical cancer develops in stages, but progressive. The process begins with the occurrence of cancer cells mutate and develop into cells diplastik causing epithelial abnormalities called dysplasia. Starting from mild dysplasia, moderate, severe carcinoma in situ (KIS), and then develop into invasive carcinoma. Levels of dysplasia and KIS is often also referred to as precancerous. Typically, the precancerous condition often shows no symptoms.
What are the symptoms of cervical cancer?
Usually in the early stages of cervical cancer difficult to detect, because in the precancerous stage, there are no grievances felt by the patient. However, stepping on stage IA-IIIB, complaints began to emerge, such as bleeding during sex, vaginal discharge, the longer the foul-smelling, body weight continues to decline, the incidence of bleeding after menopause, pain at the genetalia area, the incidence of pelvic pain (pelvic), and anemia (due to bleeding that often arise). While in stage IV B cell cancer has spread to the brain and lungs. At the initial stage or pre-cancerous, there are no typical symptoms.
What sort of things that cause cervical cancer?
Factors - risk factors for cervical cancer terkenanya mostly from external factors (external), including:
- Having sexual intercourse at a young age masi (less than 16 years).
- Women with high sexual activity and frequently changing partners.
- Poor hygiene genetalia.
- Women who smoke.
- History of venereal diseases like herpes and warts genetalia.
- The higher risk in women with many children, especially with the close spacing of births.
- Deficiencies of nutrients. Folic acid deficiency may increase the risk of mild and moderate dysplasia, and may also increase the risk of cervical cancer in women with low food beta carotene and retinol (A)
- Chronic trauma to the cervix such as labor, infection and irritation.
The cause of cervical cancer itself is a transmission of HPV virus types 16, 18, 31.
Can be treated?
If the initial changes have been known as early as possible (dysplasia), the treatment is commonly given are:
- Heating, namely by diathermy or laser.
- Cone biopsy, which take some of the cells of the cervix, referred to cells undergoing a change. This action is intended for a more thorough examination of the cells that are undergoing changes.
If the trip of the disease has reached the stage of pre-cancer and cervical cancer have been identified, it is for healing can be done:
- The operation, namely by taking the cancerous area.
If the cancer is still at the stage 1 A, then the operation is done is a simple operation called konisasi (cutting the uterus such as cones) in stage 1 B to 2B, measures that can be done is a radical hysterectomy.
- Radiotherapy using X-ray therapy is given if cervical cancer has been on stage 2B and above. However, treatment with irradiation may provide kompilikasi, namely: the ovaries go to die because of radiation beam, other organs such as the rectum and urinary tract are also exposed to the radiation and the vagina becomes stiff when having sex.
- Chemotherapy, how this is done when surgery and radiotherapy can not be done again.
How do I prevent it?
- Check regularly. For adult women who have sex regularly, do the pap smear test every two years. This was done until 70 years of age.
- Be aware of symptoms.
- Avoid smoking.
- Avoid use of antiseptics.
- Avoid the use of powder (talc).
- Prevent the HPV immunization.
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